Decision making — Page 5
Understand how multi-criteria methods combine evidence, criteria and preferences, and where their rankings can change.
Research field
Method family
DIST-EUCLIDEAN
DIST-EUCLIDEAN (Euclidean Distance — L2 norm between two vectors in criterion space) is a distance multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored...
DIST-HAMMING
DIST-HAMMING (Hamming Distance — count of positions where two equal-length sequences differ) is a distance multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hamming, R. W. in 1950. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored...
DIST-MANHATTAN
DIST-MANHATTAN (Manhattan Distance — L1 norm (city-block distance) between two vectors) is a distance multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Dezert, J., Tchamova, A., Han, D., Bhotto, M. Z. A. in 2020. It turns a decisio...
DIST-MINKOWSKI
DIST-MINKOWSKI (Minkowski Distance — generalised Lp norm (p ≥ 1)) is a distance multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Minkowski, H. in 1910. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a...
DNMA
DNMA (Double Normalization-Based Multiple Aggregation) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Liao, H., Wu, X. in 2020. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structure...
DODGSON
DODGSON (Dodgson Method — Condorcet completion by minimum pairwise swaps) is a aggregationoperator multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Dodgson, C. L. in 1900. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multi...
DRSA
DRSA (Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach) is a sorting multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Greco, S. Matarazzo, B. Słowiński, R. in 2001. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a s...
Data Envelopment Analysis of Firm Strategic Efficiency
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) of firm strategic efficiency benchmarks each firm or strategic business unit against a best-practice frontier built directly from the data, with no need to assume prices, weights, or a functional form. Introd...
Data-Driven MCDA
Data-Driven MCDA is a hybrid framework that integrates machine learning and statistical learning into traditional multi-criteria decision analysis. Instead of eliciting weights from expert judgment, it learns criteria importance from histor...
Destination Competitiveness Index
The Destination Competitiveness Index operationalizes the Ritchie-Crouch model, the most influential conceptual framework for understanding why some tourism destinations outperform others. Crouch and Ritchie argued in 1999, and elaborated i...
Deterrence Modeling
Deterrence modeling uses game theory to analyze when a defender can dissuade a challenger from aggression by threatening unacceptable costs. Classical deterrence theory, rooted in Schelling's work and Cold War nuclear strategy, was reformul...
Dynamic Time Warping
Dynamic Time Warping is a distance metric for comparing time series or sequential data that may vary in length or speed. Introduced by Hideki Sakoe and Seibi Chiba in 1978 for speech recognition, DTW measures the minimal cumulative distance...
EDAS
EDAS (Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Olfat, L., Turskis, Z. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alter...
EJ Screening Index (EJScreen-Style)
An EJ screening index is a composite indicator that combines an environmental burden measure with a demographic vulnerability measure to flag communities that experience both high pollution and concentrations of low-income residents and peo...
ELECTRE
ELECTRE (ELECTRE I — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B. in 1968. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a struc...
ELECTRE-I
ELECTRE-I (ELECTRE I — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité I (kernel / choice)) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B. in 1968. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple...
ELECTRE-II
ELECTRE-II (ELECTRE II — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité II (complete ranking)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B., Bertier, P. in 1973. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scor...
ELECTRE-III
ELECTRE-III (ELECTRE III — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité III (pseudo-criteria, fuzzy outranking)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B. in 1978. It turns a decision matrix of alternativ...
ELECTRE-IV
ELECTRE-IV (ELECTRE IV — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité IV (no criterion weights)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B., Hugonnard, J. C. in 1982. It turns a decision matrix of alternat...
ELECTRE-TRI
ELECTRE-TRI (Outranking-Based Sorting Method with Boundary Profiles (also ELECTRE TRI-B)) is a sorting multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yu, W. in 1992. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple...
ELECTRE-TRI-B
ELECTRE-TRI-B (ELECTRE TRI-B — Sorting with central reference profiles (boundary variant)) is a sorting multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yu, W. in 1992. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple...
ELECTRE-TRI-C
ELECTRE-TRI-C (ELECTRE Tri with Central Reference Profiles) is a sorting multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Almeida-Dias, J. Figueira, J. R. Roy, B. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multi...
ENTROPY
ENTROPY (Shannon Entropy Weighting Method) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Shannon, C. E. in 1948. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, re...
ERVD
ERVD (Election based on Relative Value Distances) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Shyur, H. J., Yin, L., Shih, H. S., Cheng, C. B. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multipl...