Decision making — Page 22
Understand how multi-criteria methods combine evidence, criteria and preferences, and where their rankings can change.
Research field
Method family
ROUGH-SAW
ROUGH-SAW (Rough-SAW — Rough extension of SAW) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stević, Ž. Pamučar, D. Zavadskas, E.K. Ćirović, G. Prentkovskis, O. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives s...
ROUGH-TODIM
ROUGH-TODIM (Rough-TODIM — Rough extension of TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Tiwari, V. Khanna, P. Tandon, P. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria in...
ROUGH-TOPSIS
ROUGH-TOPSIS (Rough-TOPSIS — Rough extension of TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Song, W. Ming, X. Wu, Z. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a...
ROUGH-VIKOR
ROUGH-VIKOR (Rough-VIKOR — Rough extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zhu, G. Hu, J. Qi, J. Gu, C. Peng, Y. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criter...
ROUGH-WASPAS
ROUGH-WASPAS (Rough-WASPAS — Rough extension of WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stojić, G. Stević, Ž. Antuchevičienė, J. Pamučar, D. Vasiljević, M. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alter...
ROV
ROV (Range of Value method) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yakowitz, D. S., Lane, L. J., Szidarovszky, F. in 1993. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a struct...
Real Options Strategy Valuation
Real options strategy valuation treats discretionary strategic investments - the chance to defer, expand, contract, stage, switch, or abandon a project - as financial-style options whose value comes from managerial flexibility under uncerta...
Rent-Seeking Analysis
Rent-seeking analysis is the political-economy framework for measuring the social waste created when individuals and firms spend real resources competing for artificially created rents — the extra income generated by monopoly grants, tariff...
Richardson Arms Race Model
The Richardson arms race model, set out by Lewis Fry Richardson in Arms and Insecurity (1960), is a pair of coupled differential equations describing how two rival states adjust their armaments over time. Each state's rate of arming rises w...
SAPEVO-M
SAPEVO-M (Simple Aggregation of Preferences Expressed by Ordinal Vectors — Multi-Decision Maker) is a weighting multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Gomes, L. F. A. M. de Mello, J. C. C. B. S. Costa, H. G. in 2020. It...
SAW
SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Fishburn, P. C. in 1967. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.
SCHULZE
SCHULZE (Schulze Method — Beat-path Condorcet-consistent rank aggregation) is a aggregationoperator multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Schulze, M. in 2011. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multipl...
SD-WEIGHT
SD-WEIGHT (Standard Deviation Weight — objective weighting by column standard deviation) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Various in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on...
SECA
SECA (Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J. in 2018. It turns a de...
SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS
SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS (Sensitivity Analysis — Systematic assessment of output variation w.r.t. input perturbations) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saltelli, A., Tarantola, S., Campolongo, F., Ratto, M...
SF-ARAS
SF-ARAS (Spherical extension of ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. Kahraman, C. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured,...
SF-COCOSO
SF-COCOSO (SF-CoCoSo — Spherical extension of COCOSO) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. Kahraman, C. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria in...
SF-CODAS
SF-CODAS (Spherical extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Karaşan, Boltürk & Kutlu Gündoğdu (book chapter); earlier Kutlu Gündoğdu-Kahraman 2019c JMVLSC in 2019 / 2021. It turns a decisi...
SF-COPRAS
SF-COPRAS (Spherical extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. Kahraman, C. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structu...
SF-EDAS
SF-EDAS (Spherical extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Garg, H., Sharaf, I.M. in 2022. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproduc...
SF-GRA
SF-GRA (Spherical extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. Kahraman, C. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, r...
SF-MABAC
SF-MABAC (Spherical extension of MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. Kahraman, C. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structure...
SF-MARCOS
SF-MARCOS (Spherical extension of MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. Kahraman, C. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structu...
SF-MOORA
SF-MOORA (Spherical extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. Kahraman, C. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structure...