Decision making — Page 13
Understand how multi-criteria methods combine evidence, criteria and preferences, and where their rankings can change.
Research field
Method family
L2T-CODAS
L2T-CODAS (Linguistic extension of L2T-CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by He, Y., Wei, G., Chen, X., Zhao, J. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a...
L2T-COPRAS
L2T-COPRAS (Linguistic extension of L2T-COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Gai, T., Cao, M., Cao, Q., Wu, J., Yu, G., Zhou, M. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multip...
L2T-EDAS
L2T-EDAS (2-Tuple Linguistic Neutrosophic EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Wang, P., Wang, J., Wei, G. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a struc...
L2T-MULTIMOORA
L2T-MULTIMOORA (2-Tuple Linguistic MULTIMOORA (Balezentis & Balezentis 2011)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Baležentis, Alvydas, Baležentis, Tomas in 2006 crisp; 2011 variant applicator. It turns a...
L2T-SAW
L2T-SAW (Linguistic extension of L2T-SAW) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Cid-López, A., Hornos, M. J., Carrasco, R. A., Herrera-Viedma, E. in 2018. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored o...
L2T-TODIM
L2T-TODIM (Linguistic extension of L2T-TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Qi, X., Liang, C., Zhang, J. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a struct...
L2T-TOPSIS
L2T-TOPSIS (Linguistic extension of L2T-TOPSIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Wei, G. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible...
L2T-VIKOR
L2T-VIKOR (Linguistic extension of L2T-VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ju, Y., Wang, A. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reprod...
LBWA
LBWA (Level Based Weight Assessment) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Žižović, M., Pamučar, D. in 2019. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structure...
LINEAR-MAX-NORMALIZATION
LINEAR-MAX-NORMALIZATION (Linear Max Normalization — division by column maximum (benefit) or column minimum over value (cost)) is a normalization multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Fishburn, P. C. in 1967. It turns a...
LINEAR-SUM-NORMALIZATION
LINEAR-SUM-NORMALIZATION (Linear Sum Normalization — column-sum division (probability / stochastic normalisation)) is a normalization multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Peldschus, F., K...
LINMAP
LINMAP (LINear programming technique for Multidimensional Analysis of Preference) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Srinivasan, V., Shocker, A. D. in 1973. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives sco...
LMAW
LMAW (Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamučar, D., Žižović, M., Biswas, S., Božanić, D. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multipl...
LOCAL-OWA
LOCAL-OWA (neighbourhood-adaptive Ordered Weighted Averaging) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Malczewski, J.; Liu, X. in 2014. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria in...
LOCAL-WLC
LOCAL-WLC (Local WLC — neighbourhood-adaptive weighted linear combination) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Malczewski, J. in 2011. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteri...
LODECI
LODECI (LOgarithmic DEcomposition of Criteria Importance) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pala, O. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a struc...
LOGARITHMIC-NORMALIZATION
LOGARITHMIC-NORMALIZATION (Logarithmic Normalization — log-ratio column normalisation for multiplicative aggregation contexts) is a normalization multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z. in 20...
LOPCOW
LOPCOW (LOgarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Ecer, F., Pamučar, D. in 2022. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple...
LOPM
LOPM (LoPM — Limits on Property Method) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Farag, M. M. in 2020. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible res...
LPF-EDAS
LPF-EDAS (LPF-CRITIC-EDAS — Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy EDAS with CRITIC weighting (Akram-Ramzan-Deveci 2023)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Akram, M., Ramzan, N., Deveci, M. in 1995 crisp; 2023 va...
Levenshtein Distance
Levenshtein distance, also called edit distance, measures the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions, substitutions) needed to transform one string into another. Introduced by Vladimir Levenshtein in 1966, this metr...
Lexicographic Best Worst Method
Lexicographic BWM combines the strengths of the Best Worst Method with lexicographic (sequential) optimization. Instead of weighting all criteria simultaneously, it assigns criteria to priority levels, solves the BWM for the highest-priorit...
Lexicographic Goal Programming
Lexicographic Goal Programming (LGP) is a variant of goal programming introduced by Charnes and Cooper in the 1960s. It prioritizes multiple goals in a strict ordinal hierarchy, solving optimization problems sequentially: first achieve the...
Livelihood Vulnerability Index
The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) is a composite-indicator method for assessing the vulnerability of households and communities to climate variability and change, developed by Micah Hahn, Anne Riederer and Stanley Foster in a 2009 ca...