OCRA - Operasyonel Rekabetçilik Puanlaması

Formül adımları

Analiz motorunun yöntem bildirimindeki (manifest F.steps) adımlar; raporlardaki formüllerle aynı kaynaktır.

1. Adım 1 — Toplulan girdi (maliyet) tercihi Ī_i.

   $${\overline{I}}_i=\sum _{j\in J^{-}}{w}_j{\displaystyle \frac{{max}_k{x}_{kj}-x_{ij}}{{min}_k{x}_{kj}}}$$
   LaTeX

   \bar{I}_{i} = \sum_{j\in J^{-}} w_{j} \dfrac{\max_{k} x_{kj} - x_{ij}}{\min_{k} x_{kj}}

2. Adım 2 — Toplulan çıktı (fayda) tercihi Ō_i.

   $${\overline{O}}_i=\sum _{j\in J^{+}}{w}_j{\displaystyle \frac{x_{ij}-{min}_k{x}_{kj}}{{min}_k{x}_{kj}}}$$
   LaTeX

   \bar{O}_{i} = \sum_{j\in J^{+}} w_{j} \dfrac{x_{ij} - \min_{k} x_{kj}}{\min_{k} x_{kj}}

3. Adım 3 — Genel tercih P_i ve azalan sıralama.

   $$P_i=({\overline{I}}_i-{min}_k{\overline{I}}_k)+({\overline{O}}_i-{min}_k{\overline{O}}_k)-{min}_{i^{\prime }}[·]$$
   LaTeX

   P_{i} = \big(\bar{I}_{i} - \min_{k}\bar{I}_{k}\big) + \big(\bar{O}_{i} - \min_{k}\bar{O}_{k}\big) - \min_{i'}\big[\cdot\big]

Sezgi

Preference rating (input/output separation). Output typically utility (higher value = preferred).

Sonucu okuma: P_i ≥ 0 (the minimum always equals 0 by construction). Higher P means better overall operational competitiveness. OCRA naturally separates input (cost) and output (benefit) criteria, making it intuitive for production/efficiency evaluation where inputs are resources consumed and outputs are products/services delivered.

Varsayımlar

• Criteria preferences are independent (no synergistic interactions)
• Compensation is acceptable: high score on one criterion can offset low on another
• Decision matrix is complete (no missing values)

Ne zaman kullanılmaz

• Criteria strongly correlated → consider DEMATEL/ANP for interdependence
• Non-compensatory preferences → consider outranking (ELECTRE/PROMETHEE)

Sınırlılıklar

• Assumes: Criteria preferences are independent (no synergistic interactions)
• Assumes: Compensation is acceptable: high score on one criterion can offset low on another
• Assumes: Decision matrix is complete (no missing values)

Sık yapılan hatalar

• OCRA'yı maliyet kriteri olmadığında uygulamak (tümü fayda): tüm alternatifler için Ī = 0, P yalnızca Ō sıralamasına indirgenir.